The Iceberg Illusion

"Success is an iceberg — what people see is very different from reality. Most people don’t count all the costs successful people have paid overtime (below the surface) to get to what they see (above the surface)."

Understanding anything requires deep thinking. The truth is always hidden. You can't trust a single tweet from your idol as something that explains their success.

Knowing this, Toyota tries to build a framework to avoid that trap, it's called the "Five Whys"...

An example of a problem is: The vehicle will not start.

Why? – The battery is dead. (First why)
Why? – The alternator is not functioning. (Second why)
Why? – The alternator belt has broken. (Third why)
Why? – The alternator belt was well beyond its useful service life and not replaced. (Fourth why)
Why? – The vehicle was not maintained according to the recommended service schedule. (Fifth why, a root cause)

The takeaway is, thinking is the business of life. The explanation to any output isn't on the surface, the iceberg illusion is everywhere. The actual problem isn't on the surface. The actual solution isn't on the surface. 

That is why we do research as a society. Truth is the underlying reality behind every appearance. 80% - 90% of the real thing causing things in life is hidden - the iceberg illusion.