Pg. 288 "Food fraud is literally defined as 'misrepresentation as to the state of the food.'" There are six different forms of it and some engender health risks while others don't, but they all share three things in common--alteration of the food itself, lying to the consumer, and a profit motive.

Types of Food Fraud
1. Dilution/adulteration
2. Substitution
3. Intentional contamination/concealment
4. Country of origin
5. Organic
6. Counterfeiting

Pg. 294 "Statistics vary slightly, but why does two-thirds of the apple juice in America come from China, and why does over 50 percent of orange juice and concentrate come from Brazil? Why do we get milk powder from India, or seafood from Vietnam? Big Food has done the cost calculations down to the hundredth of a penny. Legitimate producers who grow or procure authentic food can't compete with cheap imports."

Pg. 295 "What can you do, as the consumer, to protect your health and your wallet from food fraud? It's tough to say, but there are three precepts to remember:
1. The more ingredients, the more risk (e.g., salted peanuts have three ingredients, Oreos have eleven ingredients). Avoid highly processed food.
2. Buying organic may decrease your risk for cancer, but it increases the risk of fraud because fraudsters focus on organic due to the higher profit margin.
3. Buy from the supplier directly (e.g., the farmer or the farmer's market). Fewer middlemen mean fewer entities jacking up the price and people to hide behind, as well as more direct and face-to-face responsibility to the consumer."